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Do you know how does an impact crusher work?

Impact crusher, also known as impact sand making machine, is a kind of equipment that uses impact energy to crush stones. Because of its vertical shaft design, it is also called vertical shaft impact crusher. The performance of impact crusher is very superior. It is especially suitable for artificial sand making and stone shaping. Its crushing function and production capacity are incomparable to other crushing equipment. Therefore, impact crusher is a widely used sand and gravel plant production equipment.

As a common crushing equipment, impact crusher can achieve the crushing effect by coarse and fine crushing of materials, mainly through the impact of high-speed rotating rotor and materials.

Impact crusher working process

There are two working processes of impact crusher, one is full center feeding, commonly known as “stone hitting iron”, and the other is waterfall feeding combined with center feeding, commonly known as “stone hitting stone”. “Stone hitting iron” can make the material enter the crushing chamber and be quickly impacted and crushed, and the working principle of “stone hitting stone” can make the materials collide with each other, grind off each other’s edges and corners, make them round, and meet the standards of industrial sand.

Basic steps and principles of impact crusher

1. Material enters the crushing chamber: The material enters the crushing chamber through the feed port and meets the rotating rotor.

2. Rotor rotation: The rotor is driven by the motor and rotates at high speed. There are hammers on the rotor, usually with multiple hammers evenly distributed.

3. Impact crushing: When the material meets the rotating hammer, the hammer exerts a high-speed impact force on the material. The material collides and breaks under the action of the impact force.

4. Collision again: The crushed material is thrown to the wall or impact plate of the crushing chamber. The material collides with the wall plate or impact plate again, and the crushing process continues.

5. Crushing process: The material is gradually broken into smaller particles under the action of multiple impacts and collisions. The degree of crushing can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as rotor speed, number of hammers and crushing gap.

6. Discharge: The crushed material is discharged from the crushing chamber through the discharge port and enters the next processing stage or collection.

In general, “stone hitting stone” is mainly used for shaping, and “stone hitting iron” is used for sand making.

Full center feeding: After the stone or fine pebbles that meet the feeding specifications (generally below 40mm) enter the impact crusher, the initial acceleration is given by the dividing cone for centrifugal motion. The material moves to the edge of the impeller and will be thrown by the throwing head. The thrown material has a very high speed, and then hits the peripheral guard plate and is rebounded by the peripheral guard plate, and the next wave of thrown materials will be offset. Of course, after a long period of production, a padding layer will be formed on the peripheral guard plate, and the interaction between materials will increase.

Waterfall feeding: After the gravel or fine pebbles that meet the feeding specifications (generally below 40mm) enter the impact crusher, part of the material enters from the center of the impeller, and the other part enters from the periphery of the impeller. The material entering the center will be initially accelerated by the material distribution cone, and run to the periphery of the impeller to be accelerated by the throwing head. The accelerated material will impact the material curtain, and some materials will hit the surrounding guard plate after having kinetic energy and rebound and break.

When the impact sand making machine is working, the material enters the impeller crushing chamber of the sand making machine from the hopper. After entering the impeller, it will accelerate rapidly, the acceleration can reach hundreds of times, and then be thrown out from the three discharge channels of the impeller at a speed of 60-70m/s, so that the material is subjected to two or more impacts, friction and grinding in the swirl impeller crushing chamber, so as to achieve the purpose of sand making.

Advantages of impact crusher

1. It can process a variety of materials and has a wide range of uses

Generally speaking, impact crushers can process materials with higher hardness, as well as materials with lower hardness and better brittleness. The types and range of processed materials are very wide, such as common limestone, basalt, dolomite,and granite.

2. Brand-new design, high working efficiency

The impeller structure of the impact crusher adopts a brand-new four-port design to increase the material throughput. Compared with the three-port impeller, the crushing efficiency of the same material is increased by about 20%, and the sand and gravel processing capacity is higher than similar equipment. It has certain advantages in design. It is modified based on user experience to reduce friction between the wear-resistant parts of the sand making equipment, reduce the number of replacement of wear-resistant parts, reduce the maintenance cost of users, and improve production efficiency.

3. It has shaping function and good sand and gravel quality
The impact sand making machine adopts the working principle of “stone hitting stone”. The finished material is uniform and all in cubic particles. The needle-like content is extremely low, which is suitable for aggregate shaping and can well shape and finish the material.

4. High wear resistance and good cost performance
The impact sand making machine adopts high-wear-resistant high-manganese steel material in the hammer head design. Its impact resistance and toughness are very high. The impact sand making machine has upgraded and transformed the vulnerable parts throwing head based on previous experience, and adopts a combined diamond throwing head design to extend the service life of the equipment.